What is the difference between a router, a switch and a hub?

 

How does a network switch  works

First, switch can segment the network into multiple logical LAN networks known as VLANs. This segmentation divides a LAN with a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domains. This helps reduce the amount of traffic congestion broadcast on larger networks.

Then, a Layer 2 switch can maintain a static or dynamic table that lists the port number of the switch along with the MAC Access Media (MAC Access) address of the attached device. The advantage is that the switch no longer has to retry communications on all Ethernet ports. Instead, the switch will look for the Ethernet frame received by the distribution device. The framework will contain a destination MAC address, cross-referenced in the switch's MAC address table. If the switch knows the specific port to which the MAC address corresponds, it will be sent just outside the port, as a unicast frame.

Routers vs Switches

switch versus router, as mentioned earlier, Layer 2 switches can separate a single LAN into multiple VLANs. Each VLAN is its IP subnet. Devices on the same VLAN and IP subnet can communicate at level 2 without any additional works. However, if device on VLAN 10, for example, wants to communicate with a device on VLAN 20 - this is known as interVLAN routing - then a router operating on the network or layer 3, the OSI model segment, is required. .

Instead of switching frames using MAC addresses, routing between subnets uses IP addresses that are in IP network packets that encapsulate Ethernet frames with the source IP address and destination information. Traditionally, a dedicated router provided routing services for level 2 switches. However, a more modern approach in corporate networks is to use Layer 3 switch, which combines routing and switching functions in a single device.

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